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Caesar Augustus Germanicus, who ruled the Roman Empire from 37 AD to 41 AD, ...was better known by his nickname, Caligula. Caligula grew up pampered with wealth and status. When he was young his father procured for him a miniature military uniform so that he could pretend to be a soldier. Caligula grew from a spoiled child into the psychotic Roman Emperor who kept his subjects alternately entertained by his hijinks and terrified by his tantrums. Caligula's cruelty was as boundless as his disregard for the rule of law. He was sexually promiscuous, ...and slept with any woman he pleased, whether she was married or single. He took pleasure in publicly humiliating women, especially prominent women of the upper classes. He would make fun of their looks and make rude comments about their bodies. Caligula had multiple wives, whom he disrespected, mistreated, and discarded on a whim, except for his last wife, Milonia Caesonia, ...who had a scandalous reputation before he married her, and to whom he was deeply devoted. Caligula loved luxury, loved to spend money, and had an obsession with gold. He dug into the Roman treasury to outfit his palace with golden walls and decorations. And in spite of his heartless indifference to others, Caligula loved to be loved. He was known to hand out money from the treasury to the Roman populace to buy himself popularity, ...and he would host grand spectacles to entertain his subjects. Caligula renovated buildings sacred to Romans to glorify himself. He considered himself a god, and would sometimes appear in public dressed as one. He drew up plans for a magnificent temple to himself which, as if turned out, was never built. The members of the Roman Senate despised Caligula, but they also feared to cross him or do anything that would risk them falling out of his favor, and so did nothing to stop him from increasing his personal power as ruler of the Roman Empire. During his four years as Emperor Caligula aggravated most of the populace, severely misused the Roman justice system for his personal benefit and gratification, launched an absurd and expensive war, drained the national treasury on his frivolities, and, by his ineptitude as a leader, ran the Roman Empire into the ground. And while Caligula's supporters thrived on his entertaining, outrageous and shocking behavior, ...the rest of Rome, its citizens' sensibilities over-exposed to the glut of scandal and drama he churned out on a daily basis, came to accept Caligula's misconduct and misgovernance as the norm. The end of his rule brought much relief and rejoicing among the Roman people and the Senate. Caligula's reign was almost 2,000 years ago. Thank God today we in live in a democracy in which our leaders are of our own choosing. References:
"I, Claudius," by Robert Graves, chapters 29-34 https://www.unrv.com/early-empire/caligula/caligula-architecture.php https://discover.hubpages.com/education/10-Weird-Things-you-Didnt-Know-Caligula-Did
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October 2026
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